• 1 lb (450g) ground beef (lean or regular, depending on preference)

• 1 can (15 oz) black beans, drained and rinsed

• 1 can (15 oz) refried beans

• 1 medium onion, finely chopped

• 3 cloves garlic, minced

• 1 can (15 oz) diced tomatoes with green chilies (such as Rotel)

• 1 packet taco seasoning (or 2–3 tbsp homemade blend: chili powder, cumin, paprika, oregano, salt, and pepper)

• ½ cup salsa (mild, medium, or spicy depending on your taste)

• ½ tsp salt (adjust to taste)

• ½ tsp black pepper

• 2 tbsp olive oil (or vegetable oil)

For the Casserole Layers:

• 8–10 medium flour tortillas (8-inch size works best)

• 2 cups shredded cheddar cheese

• 2 cups shredded Monterey Jack or Mexican blend cheese

• ½ cup sour cream (optional, for layering)

For Toppings (optional, but recommended):

• Fresh cilantro, chopped

• Diced avocado or guacamole

• Extra salsa

• Sour cream or Greek yogurt

• Jalapeño slices

• Chopped green onions